of london



UNITED STATES PATENT ornron.

ABTI-IURJOHN ROWLEDGE, or LONDON, ENGLAND, Assrengoa r0 1). warren & son LIMITED, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

FLUID-TIGHT PLUG on sooner.

Specification of LettersPatent. P t t 5,1919,

Application areuse tember 10,1917, Serial No. 190,644.'

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ARTHUR JOHN Row- LEDGE, subject of the King of England, residing at London, in England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Tight Plugs or Sockets, of which the following is a specification. j

This invention relates to fluid-tight plugs or sockets for use in the cylinders of internal combustion engines more particularly for the purpose of fixing sparking plugs.

In the case of an internal combustion engine cylinder which has a water jacket formed separately from and applied to, a liner which constitutes the cylinder, where an opening in thewall of the cylinder is made for the insertion of a sparking plug or pipe it is necessary to effectually seal the joint between the liner and the wall of the water jacket about the opening. At the same time the opening must be provided with a screw-threaded lining to permit of the insertion of the sparkingplug or pipe end or union. By means of the present invention such a joint is made and the necessary lining for the opening is provided in a simpleand effective manner.

According to this invention a hollow socket is provided the interior of which; is; wholly or partly screw-threaded while the exterior is formed conical as to the whole or a part of its length the conical portion being ground to fit a tapered. hole which runs through the cylinder liner and thecontiguous wall of the water jacket. A separate flange or sleeve-like member is provided, or the sparking plug or pipe connection which is to be screwed intothe hollow socket is formed or combined with a similarly acting part and this flange, sleeve, nut or similar member is forced by screw-actiondirectly or indirectly againstthe outer face of the water jacket while the conical portion of the socket is simultaneously drawn toward into the hole so as to seal the joint around it and clamp the contiguous parts together. In the preferred construction the plug or socket is formed conical for only part of the length of its exterior the other partbeing formed cylindrical and screw-threaded. A

nut engages this screw-threaded portion and when this nut is screwed up against the wall of the water jacket the conical portion of the socket is simultaneously drawn into the hole'so that the joint around the hole is sealed by the. wall of the socket andby the actionof the nut indrawing together the two contiguous walls around the hole.

The invention maybe applied and put nto practice in various ways and the details of construction may vary in accordance with requirements. The following, however, may be lnstanced as aconvenient arrangement. A recess is formed in the water jacket so that the bottom of this recess is comprised by a single wallor thickness of metal which lies against the wall of the liner constituting the -cylinder Within the water jacket. A hole is formed at the bottom of the recess through the contiguous walls and this hole is tapered so as to be of somewhat larger diameter at its inner end than at its outer end. The bottom of the recess about the hole is formed flat. A hollow plug or socket is provided whoseexterior is as to approximately half its length cylindrical and screw, threaded while as to the other part of its length the exterior is formed as a cone adapted to fit the conical 01* taperedhole in the cylinder wall. Thesocket is preferably ground to fit thishole. The length of the conical portion of the socket substantially equal to the thickness of the doublewall through whichthe socket passes so tliatthe cylindrical and screw-threaded part of the socket projects intothe recess in thewater jacket. i A nut is screwed on to this projecting portion of the socket and when screwed home I exerts pressure against the bottom of therecess about the opening and draws the plug into this opening. The two walls are thus drawn or clamped together by the socket and by this means and by the close fitting of the socket in the hole the joint between the contiguous walls of the cylinder and water ja is effectually sealed. Theconstruction of the nut may vary in, accordance with requirements but conveniently itiscastellated and the dimensions of the nut and that portion of the socket which projects into the recess are such that the end of the socket and the nut when screwed home lie well within this recess. The hole through the socket is wholly or partly cylindrical and screw -threaded and into this hole can be screwed a sparklng plug or pipe connection. 7

According to an alternative arrangement in place of drawing the socket into the hole and sealing the joint by means of a nut screwed directly on to the socket as de'" scribed above a sleeve or collar may be provided which will fit on to the projecting end of the socket which in this case need not be screw-threaded on its exterior. The sparking plug which is to be screwed into the socket is then provided with a flange or so formed that when screwed into the hollow socket a part of the sparking plug will project around the outer end of the socket and bear'against' the outer end of the sleeve. Thus when the sparking plug or pipe 1s screwed into the hollow socket the sleeve will be forced against the wall of the water jacket around the socket and the latter will be drawn into the hole and the joint around the hole sealed. I

Then again the socket maybe formed conical throughout the whole of its exterior the length of the socket being only such as to be substantially equal to the thickness of the two contiguous walls through which the socket, passes. The sparking plug or pipe which is to be screwed into the socket is then formed with a flange or otherwise of greater diameter than the hollow socket so as to directly bear against the wall of the water jacket around the opening when the sparking plug is screwed into the hollow socket. In this case the sparking plug itself by bearing against the wall of the water jacket as it is screwed homedraws the hollow socket home and seals the joint. 7

In order to prevent the hollow socket from rotating in the hole in the cylinder and water jacket walls when the 'nut or other member is being screwed on or into the socket, some device may be provided which will key the plug to the cylinder walls in such a way as not to interfere with the drawing of the socket into the hole. For example, -awasher or the like may be employed which is adapted to fit over and engage the outer end of the socket and at the same time engage the water jacket wall.

Thus the washer may have a lug or tooth 'which projects into the opening of the washer and engages a corresponding keyway cut in the outer end of the socket. The washer. may also have another lug or projection formed on its outer periphery to engage a corresponding hole or notch in the bottom or side of the recess in the water jacket in which the socket is fitted. This washer thus serves to connect the socket to the wall surrounding it in such a manner as to prevent the socket from rotating while being drawn home. The washer may have more than one inwardly projecting lug and also more than one outwardly directed projection and the latter may be downturned or otherwise formed or arranged to elicct the desired engagement with the water jacket and cylinder. Corresponding keyways are formed in the end of the socket in accordance with the number and dispositions of the lugs provided to engage them.

The accompanying drawings illustrate one construction in accordance with this invention. In these drawings;

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation showing an adapter for a sparking plug as used in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine the section being taken transverse to the axis of the cylinder and showing a portion of the cylinder wall.

Fig. 2 is a similar View showing the for mation of the opening in the cylinder wall in which opening the improved adapter is inserted.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the hollow adapter plug or socket.

Fig. 4 is an underside view of the washer employed to prevent the adapter plug or socket from rotating.

Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional elevations similar to Fig. 1 illustrating modified forms of the invention.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

The construction and fitting of a sparking plug adapter for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is more especially intended to be used in a cylinder which comprises a steel liner inserted and fixed in some convenient manner in a water jacket formed of aluminium or aluminium alloy. Referring to the drawings the steel cylinder or liner A is inserted and fixed in some suitable manner within the water jacket which comprises an inner wall B and an outer wall B. At the place where it is desired to dispose the sparking plug there is formed an opening A in the wall of the liner A and a corresponding opening B is formed in the water jacket this latter opening being arranged at the bottom of a recess B wherein the outer wall B of the water jacket is carried down and merged in the inner wall B. The double opening A B is formed conical the outer portion being of less diameter than the inner portion. A hollow plug or socket of suitable dimensions has one portion C of its exterior formed conical and ground to fit the double opening A B The remainder C of the exterior of the socket is cylindrical except for a flat C formed along one side. The openor-tahF which is downwardly directedand i hole B forined in the bottom of the recess B exerted "byfthe nut E on the wall B of the eqaai wa a iekatss at a portion C" F engaging the tated as the nut raises;

"tag" o aaeaga estate-areas c' 'iiaahei throughout or as shown it may be partly cylindrical while the inner end enlarged hy ta pering thewall or the socket. The cylindrical portion of the hole is "screwen A portion D ofasparlnngplug D ofsome linown type. The length of the conicalporceive or screw-threaded 1 sleeve E a provided with a castellated-head for endE' adapted to rece ve a suitable spaniier or tool by ineansof which the nut canloe screwed home on the socket A wiisherF is slipped toner the] cylindrical endCfof the hollow socket beneath the man; has an inwardly directed fiat F aclap tedto enrovided with a tongue adapted to engage a I in the water jacket and at one side of theopening B Thus seats i opening a 1 and the washer a is calflportion c ofthe socket is drawn into the doubleopening B fland the pressure hroughthe washer 1* opening B causes the device to efiectually member is screwed draw and walls rk and B of the liner and water jacket respectively. The sparkingiplug D D can then be screwedhonie into the soclretC C' the latter heingheld'securely so asjto permit of this and equally to permit of the removal of the sparking plug when desired.

Where employed otherwise than that more particularly described above it may be convenientto form therne nloer which is tobe e e rotationas themember is screwed up as set forthfT screwed into the socket CC" with a flange or projecting part the projecting part of themeinloer will loear around 1 the opening: B

. and the actionofscrewing the member into a the socket will slrnultaneously draw the socket into the hole. Thus asillustrated in Fig. 5, the socket may haye (301111631 section similar to that shownin Fig. 3, but the external surface ot the cylindrical section is smooth not being threaded, andnthe spark plug or pipe fitting D is provided with a flange D designed tohear on thetop of the *pi-evented in any desired manner.

shown, washer F pi'ov ided forthis purpose. It willloe observed that as themeinher'D is screwed into "the socket C the flange D will bear against waterjacket around the clamp together the contiguous so formed that when this into the hollow socket walls of the liner and water pressure ring SE with isfsiinilar i a) except that it is not *thr'eaded on the exterior of the socket. Rotationof the socketC maybe As previously described is the nag-3E? so that the result of screwing in *firmlyto its seat. e j

lnFlg. 6 the socket C is shorter than in the l'orms already described, and is threaded flnternally for a spark plug or fitting D Thismember D is formed with aflange D heai ingagain st the washerF which engages the socket C and holds itagainst rotation.

the up- P6 1 dge 01"? the socket j j i a Whatl claim as m y invention and desire li "The combinationwith the cylinder of ja ninternal combustion motor having a conihal opening through its wall, ot a fluid tight socket haying a conicalperiphery fitted in said opening, andmeans' for forcing said socket intosaid opening including a memher:tl1readed to said socket, andmeans to hold the socket against rotation, as the memberis screwedup.

2. In a fluid tight socket for use witli the cylinder ofan internal coinbustio11e1igine the combination of a cylinderhavinga conical hole through its wall, a hollow socket a screw-threaded interior and itsexterior formed having e partly conical to engage the hole in he cylinder wall and partly cylindrical and screw-threaded, the screw-thread ed portion projectin from "the cylinder wall, a member screwireaded to engage the exterior of the projecting portion of the holflowsocket andso formed that asthe member is: 'sorewedon to the socket the lneniberwill exert pressure on the cylinder wall around hole and draw the socket into the hole, andmeans for holding the socket against 3. In a? fluid tight socket for use with the [the combination of acylindercomprising a liner and a separate water jacket andhaving a conical hole formed through the contiguous walls of the ahollow socket having a conical exterior liner and water jacket,

adapted toengage the hole through the jacket, and a member threaded to said hollow socket and ;so formed thatas the member and the socket dwed together the member will exert on thewallof the water jacket around the hole and draw the socket into the hole and clamp together the contiguous walls threaded. on said hollow socket and so formed that as the member and the socket are screwed together the member willexert pressure on the wall of the water jacket around the hole and draw the socket into the hole and clamp together the contiguous walls of the liner and water jacket, and mean'sfor holding the socket against rotation as the member is screwed up as set forth.

5 In a fluid tight socket for use with the cylinder of an internal combustioncengine the combination of a cylinder comprising a liner and a separate water jacket and having a conical hole formed through the con- 7 ti'guou's walls of the liner and water jacket,

a hollow socket having a screw-threaded interior and its exterior formed partly conical to engagethe hol through the walls of the V liner and water jacket and partly cylindrical'and screw-threaded, the screw-threaded portion projecting from the wall of the water jacket and a member screw-threaded to engage the exterior of the projecting portion of the hollow socket and so formed that as the member is screwed on to the socket the member will exert pressure on the wall of the waterjacket around the hole and draw the socket into the hole and clamp together the contiguous walls of the liner and water jacket as set forth.

, 6.v In a fluid'tight socket for, use with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder comprising a jliner and a separate water jacket and having a conical hole formed through the contiguous walls of the liner and water jacket, ahollow sockethaving a screw-threaded interior and its exterior formed partly' conical to engage the hole through the vwalls of the liner and'water jacket and partly cylindrical and and means for holding the socket against roscrew-threaded, the screw-threaded portion projecting from the wall of the water jacket, a member screw-threaded to engage the exterior of the projecting portion of the hollow socketjand so formed that as the member a is screwed on to thesocket the member will exert pressure on the wall of the water jacket around the hole and draw the socket into the hole and clamp together the contiguous walls of the liner and water acket,

both the projecting forth.

7 In a fluid tight socket for use with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder comprising a liner and a separate water jacket, a recess formed in the water jacket in the bottom of which is a conical hole through the wall of the water jacket and through the conti uous wall of the liner, a hollow socket having a screw-threaded interior and its exterior formed partly conical to engage the hole through the walls of the liner and water jacket and partly cylindrical and screwthreaded, the screw-threaded portion projecting into the recess in the water jacket, a member screw-threaded to engage the exterior of the projecting portion of the hollow socket and so formed that as the member is screwed on to the socket the member will exert pressure on the wall of the Water jacket around the hole and draw the socket up as set forth.

8. In a fluid tight socket for use with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder having a conical hole through its wall, a hollow socket having a screw-threaded interior and its exterior formed partly conical to engage the hole in the cylinder wall and partly cylindrical and screw-threaded, the screwthreaded portion projecting from the cylinder wall, a washer non-rotatively engaging portion of the socket which it surrounds and also the adjacent wall of the cylinder, and a member threaded on the exterior of the projecting portion of the hollow socket and so formed that as the member is screwed on to the socket the member will bear on the washer which lies against the cylinder wall around the hole and draw the socket into the hole as set forth.

9. In a fluid tight socket for use with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder comprising a liner and a separate water jacket, a recess formed in the water jacket in the bottom of which isa conical hole through the wall of the water jacket and through the contiguous wall of the liner, a hollow socket having a screw-threaded interior and its exterior formed partly conical to engage the hole through the walls of the liner and water jacket and partly cylindrical and screw-threaded the screw-threaded portion projecting into the recess in the water jacket and having a fiat formed on it, a washer which surrounds the projecting portion of the socketand lies against the wall of the water jacket at the bottom of the recess the and the contiguous walls of the liner and washer being shaped to engage the flat on water jacket will be clamped together as set the socket and having a projection which forth. engages a hole in the wall of the water In testimony whereof I have signed my jacket adjacent to the washer, and a nut name to this specification in the presence of 15 screw-threaded to engage the projecting portwo subscribing witnesses.

tion of the socket and adapted to bear ARTHUR JOHN ROWLEDGE. against the washer which lies beneath it so Witnesses: that when the nut is screwed up on. the B. E. DUNBAR KILBURN,

10 socket the latter will be drawn into the hole ARGI-IIBALD J. FRENCH.

fiopies of this patent may be obtained for five centseach, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

